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Constrained Decoding: How to Get Guaranteed JSON from an LLM (and the Reasoning Tax)

How constrained decoding guarantees valid JSON from an LLM: runnable vLLM and structured-output examples, the latency cost, and the reasoning tax that JSON-mode hides.

Diagram of a full next-token logit distribution being masked down to only the grammar-valid tokens, producing valid JSON by construction

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